{"id":9117,"date":"2024-06-30T15:08:42","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T07:08:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/?page_id=9117"},"modified":"2025-10-31T08:20:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T00:20:19","slug":"14-the-peoples-republic-of-china-1949-2005","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/14-the-peoples-republic-of-china-1949-2005\/","title":{"rendered":"14. The People&#8217;s Republic of China (1949-2005) HL Only"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This section focuses on China under the rule of the Chinese Communist Party, and the great changes as the Communist Party under Chairman Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) extended its rule and Mao\u2019s vision of a socialist state. The focus of this section is on the impact of domestic political, social and economic policies. It also examines the modernization of China\u2019s economy since Mao\u2019s death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Consolidation of the communist state (1949\u20131961) under Mao Zedong; key policies; land reforms; rectification campaigns; Hundred Flowers campaign (1956)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transition to socialism; successes and failures in economic developments (1949\u20131961); First Five-Year<br>Plan; Great Leap Forward; Second Five-Year Plan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social developments; women\u2019s rights; health; education<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: causes; Gang of Four; political, social and cultural impact<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Foreign policy and foreign affairs 1949\u20131976; Sino-American relations; establishment and breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations; China as a regional and global power<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power struggle following the death of Mao Zedong; Hua Guofeng, the re-emergence of Deng Xiaoping and the defeat of the Gang of Four<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>China under Deng Xiaoping (1976\u20131997); economic developments; Four Modernizations;  political developments; causes and effects of Tiananmen Square (1989); Jiang Zemin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-13-at-7.00.04\u202fPM-1024x492.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-13-at-7.00.04\u202fPM-1024x492.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-13-at-7.00.04\u202fPM-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-13-at-7.00.04\u202fPM-768x369.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-13-at-7.00.04\u202fPM-1536x738.png 1536w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-13-at-7.00.04\u202fPM-2048x983.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This section will focus on the period 1976 to 2005, Mao&#8217;s reign is covered in these links:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it wp-block-embed-the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"QAOYPeGAHv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/mao-consolidation-of-power\/\">Consolidation of Power 1949-1957<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Consolidation of Power 1949-1957&#8221; &#8212; The Past Changes a Little Every Time We Retell It\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/mao-consolidation-of-power\/embed\/#?secret=5ZnVm7MEAW#?secret=QAOYPeGAHv\" data-secret=\"QAOYPeGAHv\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it wp-block-embed-the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"MKjhQfHXaa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/mao-maintenance-of-power\/\">Maintenance of Power 1957-76<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Maintenance of Power 1957-76&#8221; &#8212; The Past Changes a Little Every Time We Retell It\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/mao-maintenance-of-power\/embed\/#?secret=7eVkETZLVV#?secret=MKjhQfHXaa\" data-secret=\"MKjhQfHXaa\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it wp-block-embed-the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"1BEgEQwU5L\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/mao-historiography\/\">Historiography &amp; Perspectives<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Historiography &amp; Perspectives&#8221; &#8212; The Past Changes a Little Every Time We Retell It\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/mao-historiography\/embed\/#?secret=DfOkPoQn0v#?secret=1BEgEQwU5L\" data-secret=\"1BEgEQwU5L\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hua Guofeng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Deng Xiaoping<\/strong> <strong>1978-1989<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you have read the historiography of Mao and China in the twentieth century, you will have come across <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ox.ac.uk\/news-and-events\/find-an-expert\/professor-rana-mitter\">Rana Mitter<\/a>. He is one of foremost experts on China is useful to include in your analysis of perspectives. In the link below, he is discussing the Chinese leader, Deng Xiaoping. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: 366. The Architect of Modern China\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/4uO1RSLKpJbRrHSfAG4ZBW?utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Deng Xiaoping: Making China Great Again\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/a5TxpIempeY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A summary of the video above is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Deng came from a middle-class background, one sufficient to send him to <strong>France <\/strong>in 1920 to further his studies. However, he <strong>learned about socialism<\/strong> and revolutions in his time there, especially after having worked in factories for low pay.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He met <strong>Zhou Enlai here and became friends<\/strong>, this was to last until his death in 1976. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He met Mao on returning to China (Wuhan) in the later-1920s. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deng was with Mao on the infamous<strong> Long March<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When the CCP took power, Mao ordered him to <strong>annex both Tibet and Xinjiang<\/strong> into China, this he did with brutal force. Deng was also instrumental in the Anti-Rightist Movement of 1956-57.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>By the late-1950s, Deng had established a power base<\/strong>, one that would support him many years later. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He initially supported the Great Leap Forward but, after seeing some of the severe consequences, took a moderate attitude towards the plan. In the <strong>1962 Seven Thousand Cadres Conference<\/strong>, Mao criticised himself for the failures of the &#8216;Leap&#8217;, possibly under pressure to do so. Deng and Liu Shaoqi became more prominent in the CCP as a result. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, <strong>Mao took revenge on the two men when the Cultural Revolution began<\/strong>. <strong>Deng was denounced<\/strong> despite trying to backtrack on his thoughts at the Conference. He was forced to work in agriculture for several years as punishment. <strong>His son was also thrown out of a window in 1968, permanently paralysing him. <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deng was <strong>recalled in 1973<\/strong>, largely because of Zhou Enlai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But in 1976 Zhou died and Deng wanted to respect his memory &#8211; the popular protest that ensued was blamed on him and <strong>he was denounced again<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, after Mao died his successor <strong>Hua arrested the Gang of Four <\/strong>and was pressured to bring Deng back. He did but soon afterwards perhaps realised that he lacked the support that Deng had. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In December 1978, Deng took power with a speech discussing China\u2019s <strong>Reform and Opening-Up policy. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Deng&#8217;s Rise to Power<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Jiang Qing vs Deng Xiaoping | Duels of History | ARTE.tv Documentary\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Im1Z-r_xsec?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Timeline of Deng Xiaoping taking power:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"983\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Ying-Yue-Deng-Xiaopings-Rise-to-Power-983x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Ying-Yue-Deng-Xiaopings-Rise-to-Power-983x1024.png 983w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Ying-Yue-Deng-Xiaopings-Rise-to-Power-288x300.png 288w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Ying-Yue-Deng-Xiaopings-Rise-to-Power-768x800.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Ying-Yue-Deng-Xiaopings-Rise-to-Power.png 1156w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Deng&#8217;s Economic Miracle?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Watch from 05:30 to &#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Describe the special economic zones. How did they help the Chinese economy grow?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How did hukou help the economic and social changes within China?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Was the one-child policy a success?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QvgCRPzSwq0\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Deng Xiaoping&#039;s Economic Reforms in the 1980s (Made Simple)\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FsKg41amvS0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Special Economic Zones (SEZ)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"892\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/image.png 800w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/image-269x300.png 269w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/image-768x856.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Five-Year Plans<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thewirechina.com\/2022\/11\/06\/frank-dikotter-on-paying-attention-to-chinas-primary-sources\/\">Frank Dikotter<\/a> argues that some of the economic progress comes from below, not the CCP hierarchy. Peasants were abandoning collectivisation before Deng Xiaoping decided to do so. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"193\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.20.41\u202fAM-1024x193.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10317\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.20.41\u202fAM-1024x193.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.20.41\u202fAM-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.20.41\u202fAM-768x145.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.20.41\u202fAM-1536x289.png 1536w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.20.41\u202fAM.png 1636w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"177\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.21.25\u202fAM-1024x177.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.21.25\u202fAM-1024x177.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.21.25\u202fAM-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.21.25\u202fAM-768x132.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.21.25\u202fAM-1536x265.png 1536w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.21.25\u202fAM.png 1636w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tiananmen Square<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Kasabian - Club Foot (Official Video)\" width=\"525\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lk5iMgG-WJI?list=PLAb-aqQi7uj1PVD3af1s2afiukCnarkCb\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jiang Zemin<\/strong> <strong>1989-2002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Third Taiwan Strait Crisis\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oUUA1AJpPbY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ndupress.ndu.edu\/Media\/News\/Article\/3253814\/averting-escalation-and-avoiding-war-lessons-from-the-19951996-taiwan-strait-cr\">Averting Escalation and Avoiding War: Lessons from the 1995\u20131996 Taiwan Strait Crisis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Chris Patten: Should Britain have held a sovereignty referendum in Hong Kong?\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4dcGg934YJU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thewirechina.com\/2022\/11\/06\/frank-dikotter-on-paying-attention-to-chinas-primary-sources\/\">Frank Dikotter<\/a> again explaining how Jiang changed China. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.26.11\u202fAM-1024x100.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.26.11\u202fAM-1024x100.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.26.11\u202fAM-300x29.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.26.11\u202fAM-768x75.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.26.11\u202fAM-1536x150.png 1536w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.26.11\u202fAM.png 1580w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.29.29\u202fAM-1024x485.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.29.29\u202fAM-1024x485.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.29.29\u202fAM-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.29.29\u202fAM-768x364.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.29.29\u202fAM-1536x727.png 1536w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.29.29\u202fAM.png 1686w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"228\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.28.56\u202fAM-1024x228.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.28.56\u202fAM-1024x228.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.28.56\u202fAM-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.28.56\u202fAM-768x171.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.28.56\u202fAM-1536x342.png 1536w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/03\/Screenshot-2025-03-04-at-9.28.56\u202fAM.png 1646w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to read more on Dikotter and Jiang, I have the book in the classroom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hu Jintao 2002-12<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This section focuses on China under the rule of the Chinese Communist Party, and the great changes as the Communist Party under Chairman Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) extended its rule and Mao\u2019s vision of a socialist state. The focus of this section is on the impact of domestic political, social and economic policies. It also &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/14-the-peoples-republic-of-china-1949-2005\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;14. The People&#8217;s Republic of China (1949-2005) HL Only&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9117","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9117"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11330,"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9117\/revisions\/11330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}