{"id":4439,"date":"2021-06-16T12:08:18","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T04:08:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/backupold2022\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/?page_id=4439"},"modified":"2025-02-05T13:45:26","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T05:45:26","slug":"aims-and-results-of-policies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/aims-and-results-of-policies\/","title":{"rendered":"Aims and Results of Policies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#Economy\">Economy<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Education\">Education<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Land-Reform\">Land Reform<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Power\">Power<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Culture\">Culture<\/a> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Religion\">Religion<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Women\">Women<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Minorities\">Minorities<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Health\">Health<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Economy\"><strong>Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Five-Year Plans were somewhat copied from Stalin and the USSR. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Economically reliant on the USSR in the 1950s, $300 million in loans under the Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty of 1950 (but these loans only 3% of China&#8217;s GDP).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soviet expertise also important in driving the economy, 11 000 people working in China during the 1950s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Heavy industry improved during the Five-Year Plans. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the one hand, Mao was successful:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8216;<em>But<\/em> <em>between 1952 (when industrial production was restored to its<\/em> <em>highest pre-war levels) and 1977, the output of Chinese industry<\/em> <em>increased at an average annual rate of 11.3 per cent, as rapid a<\/em> <em>pace of industrialization as has ever been achieved by any<\/em> <em>country during a comparable period in modern world history.<\/em>&#8216;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Meisner, M. 1999. Mao\u2019s China and After: A History of the People\u2019s<\/em> <em>Republic. New York, The Free Press. pp.414\u20135<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AND<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"517\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.32.59\u202fPM-1024x517.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.32.59\u202fPM-1024x517.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.32.59\u202fPM-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.32.59\u202fPM-768x388.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.32.59\u202fPM.png 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><em>Benson, L. 2002. China Since 1949. London. Longman. p.45<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-visual-capitalist wp-block-embed-visual-capitalist\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"0KSIkKEZBf\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visualcapitalist.com\/china-economic-growth-history\/\">The People&#8217;s Republic of China: 70 Years of Economic History<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;The People&#8217;s Republic of China: 70 Years of Economic History&#8221; &#8212; Visual Capitalist\" src=\"https:\/\/www.visualcapitalist.com\/china-economic-growth-history\/embed\/#?secret=BGgMGPsAT4#?secret=0KSIkKEZBf\" data-secret=\"0KSIkKEZBf\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following are excerpts from From State Resource Allocation to \u2018Low Level Equilibrium Trap\u2019: Re-evaluation of Economic Performance of Mao\u2019s China, 1949-78 Kent Deng, LSE<br>and Jim H. Shen, SOAS July 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.25.51\u202fPM-1024x416.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.25.51\u202fPM-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.25.51\u202fPM-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.25.51\u202fPM-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.25.51\u202fPM.png 1246w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"914\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.23.35\u202fPM-1024x914.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.23.35\u202fPM-1024x914.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.23.35\u202fPM-300x268.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.23.35\u202fPM-768x686.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.23.35\u202fPM.png 1252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the same article, wages did not grow either:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Nominal wages are those paid by the employer without adjusting for inflation).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"503\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.26.44\u202fPM-1024x503.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.26.44\u202fPM-1024x503.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.26.44\u202fPM-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.26.44\u202fPM-768x377.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-02-05-at-1.26.44\u202fPM.png 1312w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Education\"><strong>Education<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Land-Reform\"><strong>Land Reform<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Power\"><strong>Power<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Culture\"><strong>Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Religion\"><strong>Religion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Women\"><strong>Women<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mao attempted to get the <strong>support<\/strong> from women by passing policies which would create equality in the country.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He introduced <strong>International Women&#8217;s Day<\/strong> in December 1949.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1950 Marriage Reform Act<\/strong>, women had to agree to be wed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/11\/IMG_20211125_083050-1024x325.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/11\/IMG_20211125_083050-1024x325.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/11\/IMG_20211125_083050-300x95.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/11\/IMG_20211125_083050-768x244.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/11\/IMG_20211125_083050-1536x488.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/11\/IMG_20211125_083050-2048x651.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They could also divorce and be allowed to keep their female babies., and concubinage was also outlawed. However, is some regions society remained patriarchal (Confucianism stated &#8216;Women must obey men&#8217;) and the laws were ignored.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Footbinding<\/strong> was abolished.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Women were allowed to own <strong>land<\/strong> (although this was taken away during the first-Five Year Plan).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prostitution<\/strong> was outlawed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>However<\/strong>, women rarely rose in prominence in their communities, earning less than men and generally forced to continue their domestic duties. The propaganda gave a false image (Mao&#8217;s quote of <strong>&#8216;Women &#8216;can&#8217; hold up half the sky&#8217;<\/strong>) and even the party cadres failed to carry out the party policies concerning equality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yet the propaganda was effective in that even after Mao&#8217;s death women believed he had created better conditions for them in China.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On balance, women developed the impression that they could have access to <strong>better opportunities<\/strong>. Even if only some women took &#8216;better&#8217; jobs, this was enough to create it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A key figure in the CCP during the 1960s was<strong> Jiang Qing<\/strong>, Mao&#8217;s third wife. She is a good example to use when discussing women in this unit. <a href=\"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/the-cultural-revolution\/\">Jiang Qing<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ding-Ling\"><strong>Ding Ling <\/strong><\/a>was an author, writing celebrated books such as <em>The Sun Shines over the Sanggan River <\/em>in 1948. She was a member of the CCP but was expelled for her criticisms of the party in 1957 (Anti-Rightist Campaign). She was also imprisoned during the Cultural Revolution, before being released in 1975. <a href=\"https:\/\/alphahistory.com\/chineserevolution\/ding-ling\/\">Alpha History &#8211; Ding Ling<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Minorities\"><strong>Minorities<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Health\"><strong>Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.11.50-AM-1024x378.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6011\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.11.50-AM-1024x378.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.11.50-AM-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.11.50-AM-768x284.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.11.50-AM-1536x567.png 1536w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.11.50-AM.png 1846w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">https:\/\/www.thinkib.net\/history\/page\/23118\/case-study-topic-10-mao-atl<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chineseposters.net\/themes\/patriotic-health-campaign\">Patriotic Health Campaign (1952)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/av\/stories-43158283\">China&#8217;s barefoot doctor: \u2018We did have shoes&#8217;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"442\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.14.00-AM-1024x442.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6013\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.14.00-AM-1024x442.png 1024w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.14.00-AM-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.14.00-AM-768x331.png 768w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.14.00-AM-1536x663.png 1536w, https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/01\/Screenshot-2022-01-10-at-9.14.00-AM.png 1608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Health Policy during the Great Leap Forward, David M. Lampton<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Economy On the one hand, Mao was successful: &#8216;But between 1952 (when industrial production was restored to its highest pre-war levels) and 1977, the output of Chinese industry increased at an average annual rate of 11.3 per cent, as rapid a pace of industrialization as has ever been achieved by any country during a comparable &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/aims-and-results-of-policies\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Aims and Results of Policies&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4439","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4439"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10281,"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4439\/revisions\/10281"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}